Newton

Der er noget, som jeg kun for relativt nylig har ment mig selv tilstrækkelig oplyst til at forme en mening om.

Newton er en af de få, som må siges at være en ubestridelig begavelse - så meget, at der har formet sig nærmest en kult omkring ham. Man er så nået til det resultat, at der i det moderne parnas af akademikere ikke er nogen, der egentlig ville have brudt sig om at arbejde sammen med ham.

Det er der ikke noget nyt i: Newtons stridigheder med Robert Hooke er veldokumenterede - og Newton anså Hooke for værende en sådan dværg (også fysisk), at han gad ikke tale med ham. Hooke var så leder af Royal Society og kontrollerede dermed "sandheden" efter eget småtskårne velbefindende.

Nu dør Robert Hooke i 1703.

On 3 March 1703, Hooke died in London, having amassed a sizable sum of money, which was found in his room at Gresham College.

Hmm...

Det gør så tilsyneladende, at Newton slet ikke indlader sig på nogen diskussion - i det hele taget: "Jeg kommer ikke med hypoteser!"
Undermålerne har gjort meget ud af hans undersøgelser af alkymi.

Newton was also a member of the Parliament of England for Cambridge University in 1689–90 and 1701–2, but according to some accounts his only comments were to complain about a cold draught in the chamber and request that the window be closed.

Siger lidt om hans respekt for debatniveauet.

Later works – The Chronology of Ancient Kingdoms Amended (1728) and Observations Upon the Prophecies of Daniel and the Apocalypse of St. John (1733) – were published after his death. He also devoted a great deal of time to alchemy (see above).

Han må som sådan have været helt på det rene med Aleksander den Stores møntreform.

Newton moved to London to take up the post of warden of the Royal Mint in 1696, a position that he had obtained through the patronage of Charles Montagu, 1st Earl of Halifax, then Chancellor of the Exchequer. He took charge of England's great recoining, somewhat treading on the toes of Lord Lucas, Governor of the Tower (and securing the job of deputy comptroller of the temporary Chester branch for Edmond Halley). Newton became perhaps the best-known Master of the Mint upon the death of Thomas Neale in 1699, a position Newton held for the last 30 years of his life.These appointments were intended as sinecures, but Newton took them seriously, retiring from his Cambridge duties in 1701, and exercising his power to reform the currency and punish clippers and counterfeiters.

Han kunne heller ikke døje banksvin.

As Warden, and afterwards Master, of the Royal Mint, Newton estimated that 20 percent of the coins taken in during the Great Recoinage of 1696 were counterfeit. Counterfeiting was high treason, punishable by the felon's being hanged, drawn and quartered.

Sådan skal de have det - banksvinene.

Despite this, convicting even the most flagrant criminals could be extremely difficult. However, Newton proved to be equal to the task. Disguised as a habitué of bars and taverns, he gathered much of that evidence himself. For all the barriers placed to prosecution, and separating the branches of government, English law still had ancient and formidable customs of authority. Newton had himself made a justice of the peace in all the home counties—there is a draft of a letter regarding this matter stuck into Newton's personal first edition of his Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica which he must have been amending at the time. Then he conducted more than 100 cross-examinations of witnesses, informers, and suspects between June 1698 and Christmas 1699. Newton successfully prosecuted 28 coiners.

Banksvinene kan lige så godt selv hænge ud i sommerhuset.

As a result of a report written by Newton on 21 September 1717 to the Lords Commissioners of His Majesty's Treasury the bimetallic relationship between gold coins and silver coins was changed by Royal proclamation on 22 December 1717, forbidding the exchange of gold guineas for more than 21 silver shillings. This inadvertently resulted in a silver shortage as silver coins were used to pay for imports, while exports were paid for in gold, effectively moving Britain from the silver standard to its first gold standard.

"inadvertently"???? Altså Newton vidste ikke, hvad han gjorde? Meget sandsynligt.

Jeg kan ikke lade være med at overveje lighederne.
Danmark har masser af eksport - men det afregnes altså i USD og EUR.

På den anden side:
På den ene side begrænses den indenlandske pengemængde ved, at man slår falskmøntnere og banksvin ihjel - specielt det smertefulde element i aflivningen forekommer tiltalende.
Omvendt: Forholdet i bimetalstandarden låses. DKK og EUR er lissom i et nogenlunde fast forhold? Ikk'?

Newton estimated that 20 percent of the coins taken in during the Great Recoinage of 1696 were counterfeit.

Det begynder at ramme den mængde af det samlede udlån, der er tabt (det er så nok mere i dag, fordi en stor del af udlånet er stråmandsudlån, hvor man låner af sig selv).
Seddelomløb og ædelmetalomløb er det samme - ingen af delene er rentebærende.

Altså fremmed mønt er i begyndelsen af året strømmet ind i landet - og lagt på pæne hylder i Nationalbankens valutareserve - samtidig er de blevet vekslet til DKK og lagt ned i kontanter i nettostillingen. Den nettostilling kommer de ikke fra uden et betydeligt tab.

Jeg har svært ved at se, at man kan opretholde kronen.
Lad os sige det på den måde: Der er ikke nogen, der behøver skamme sig over at imod tips fra Newton.

Der er ikke nogen tvivl om at Newton blev sur.

With Chaloner dispatched, Newton torched the records of his investigation, likely to cover up the murky steps he took to help save the pound. In 1703, he gave up crime fighting and returned to academia as president of the Royal Society.

Se årstallet er ikke uvæsentligt.

Treason Act 1702

Back in 1695, England’s Royal Mint discovered a serious problem: A massive portion of the circulating currency was phony. As counterfeiting methods grew increasingly clever, the Mint turned to England’s brightest mind for a solution. Isaac Newton was appointed Warden of the Mint, a one-man army who waded through London’s underbelly to restore the currency’s integrity. Most counterfeiters were easy prey for Newton, but William Chaloner, a shadowy kingpin, kept eluding his grasp.

Den lov bliver udvidet til også at gælde for Skotland.

The Act also created new offences of treason. It became treason:
to counterfeit the Great Seal of Scotland (anywhere in Great Britain), and
to slay the Lords of Session or Lords of Justiciary "sitting in Judgment in the Exercise of their Office within Scotland".

The Act also created new offences of treason. It became treason:
to counterfeit the Great Seal of Scotland (anywhere in Great Britain), and
to slay the Lords of Session or Lords of Justiciary "sitting in Judgment in the Exercise of their Office within Scotland".

Nu fik Newton udnævnt sig selv til fredsdommer - så kunne han nemlig afhøre, hvem det passede ham. Det kunne så være en god idé lige at sikre ryggen.
Så dem i Nordea, hvis de tror, det nytter noget at stikke af til Sverrig......

Se, nu er jeg næppe en Isaac Newton.

Men han kunne heller ikke lide banksvin.

En ende på et troldepus.

Jeg håber I hygger Jer i Danske Bank.
O.lign.

Men læg mærke til, at alt er sket helt og fuldt lovligt - hvilket også skulle være til at finde ud af, når man selv har skrevet loven.......

Der er jo ikke tvivl om, at han har gået i en tungmetalforgiftning.

During the period 1692–1693 Newton is known to have suffered a breakdown of nervous functioning, or a supposed depression lasting for 18 months, as reported by Huygens.

He suffered insomnia and poor digestion, in his letters to friends showing signs of irrationality. During exhumation the hair from Newton's dead body was found to contain high levels of mercury, remains of desiccated hair were later found to contain four times the lead, arsenic and antimony and fifteen times mercury than in normal range samples.

Montagu, after being appointed Chancellor of the Exchequer in 1694 finally put this right; he had previously consulted Newton upon the subject of the recoinage, and took the opportunity to appoint Newton to the post of warden of the Royal Mint in 1696.

Coin Act 1696

Han skulle jo lige have lovgivningen på plads, så døden for banksvin kunne blive specielt ubehagelig - og langsom.

Despite counterfeiting being considered high treason, punishable by hanging, drawing and quartering, convicting even the most flagrant criminals could be extremely difficult. Undaunted, Newton conducted more than 100 cross-examinations of witnesses, informers, and suspects between June 1698 and Christmas 1699. He himself gathered much of the evidence he needed to successfully prosecute 28 coiners.

As a result of a report written by Newton on 21 September 1717 to the Lords Commissioners of His Majesty's Treasury the bimetallic relationship between gold coins and silver coins was changed by Royal proclamation on 22 December 1717, forbidding the exchange of gold guineas for more than 21 silver shillings. Due to differing valuations in other European countries this inadvertently resulted in a silver shortage as silver coins were used to pay for imports, while exports were paid for in gold, effectively moving Britain from the silver standard to its first gold standard, rather than the bimetallic standard implied by the proclamation.

Se det har altid undret mig at en guinea var 21 shilling - underligt tal!
Det er altså en bevidst undervurdering af guld med 5% - med andre ord man køber altså sølv op. Svarende til Alexander den Stores møntreform, som Newton med garanti har kendt. Alexander udmønter så sølvet, så det bliver standardmønten i antikken - Alexanders tetradrachme er der masser af selv i dag.
Det Newton får ud af det er, at han slipper af med bimetallet og den idelige arbitrage.

Det har jo implikationer i dag.

Sagen er jo den, at realkreditobligationerne er for praktiske formål forsvundet fra pengemængden. Bankerne er jo nødt til at opkøbe deres eget flexlort.
Det kan de så låne til - alt det, det skal være. De kan jo ikke sælge det igen, for det vil ingen investor røre ved. Om et simpelt udlån passerer en realkreditobligation kan i princippet være ligegyldigt. Det er jo penge banken skylder sig selv.

Den er mere avanceret end som så!
Hank Paulson har fortalt, at Putin foreslog kineserne, at man "væltede" de amerikanske realkreditter.
Se det var kineserne ikke så begejstrede for, fordi de havde alle de amerikanske realkreditter og ville dermed tabe mange, mange penge. Ikke rart!
Derfor fortalte de så amerikanerne om Putins "smarte" plan.
Det havde naturligvis som konsekvens, at man fra FED side købte alle realkreditterne op og erstattede dem med statsobligationer.

Fidusen er så den, at nu bliver dollaren budt op. Det vil sige, at alle andre valutaer devaluerer. Det betyder så, at man kan købe udenlandske værdipapirer under deres værdi. Det bliver naturligvis ikke ved med at gå. Men så længe det går, så erhverver man f.eks. Euro-obligationer billigt, de bliver så på et tidspunkt solgt dyrt - herved opstår en gevinst, som kan bruges til at realisere tab på realkreditterne.
Det er i princippet det samme: I stedet for guld og sølv, så taler vi stats- og realkreditobligationer.

Så alle dem, der har ævlet om dollarens endeligt - de tager lige præcis fejl.

Jeg formoder metode(erne) går tilbage til Newton.

Newton var direktør for mønten. Noget tyder på, at han har systematisk undersøgt samtlige mønter returneret til mønten - det er ikke svært at sætte et gæng arbejdere i gang med de undersøgelser.

Vi ved, at Newton konstaterede, 20% af møntomløbet var forfalsket. Han fik sig udnævnt til undersøgelsesdommer i alle grevskaber, hvorfor han kunne kræve afhøring af hvem, det passede ham. Dermed har han kunne spore påfaldende tilfælde tilbage - og tage en "snak" med dem - indtil de kunne overleveres til anklageren - og galgen.

Det vil være typisk Newton at finde en elegant løsning - og så ikke skrive om den til snothjernerne i Royal Society. Derfor er Newton ikke kendt for sin informationsteori.

Det var noget banksvin burde have lært af: Lad være med at svindle nogen med et minimum af matematik og regnefærdighed. Nu mangler vi bare at få hængt banksvinene.
De fejl, banksvin begår. er elementært mangel på kendskab til matematik!

Hvad har træblæsere med matematik at gøre?

sin(x) = x¹/1! - x³/3! + x⁵/5! - x⁷/7! + x⁹/9! - ...

Da slog det mig, at den havde jeg da set før!
Og ganske rigtigt:

sin(x) = x⁰/0! - x²/2! + x⁴/4! - x⁶/6! + x⁸/8! - ...

Henholdsvis obo og klarinet - med overtoner!

Tja... hvorfor ikke - og det forstår banksvin IKKE!